Plagiarism Screening Policy
The journal routinely screens all submissions for similarity before peer review using Turnitin. Manuscripts with excessive similarity or unattributed copying are desk-rejected or returned for correction. During review and after publication, verified plagiarism, self-plagiarism, or text recycling will lead to actions in line with COPE guidelines, including rejection or retraction if warranted.

Thresholds and handling

• Similarity reports are assessed qualitatively (context, sources, citation quality), not by a single numeric cut-off.

• Authors must properly cite and quote reused text, including methods sections.

• Re-submissions after correction may be re-checked.

Tools & timing
Screening occurs pre-review and post-revision if needed.